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| BACKGROUND | | Present lead-acid batteries technology has negative environmental impacts and leads to potential contamination. Lead-acid batteries have a life of 3-4 years. When the battery can no longer be recharged or can no longer retain its charge properly, it is replaced and recycled. Battery recycling is a common practice in most European countries and it is an important source of potential pollution.
In Europe, metallic lead consumption was about 2 Mt in 1999, where battery manufacturing accounted for an estimated 70%. Standby applications for lead-acid batteries were about 70 000 t in Europe in 1995, and it is estimated that for mobile telecommunication applications alone, the used and recycled batteries will amount up to about 150 Kt in 10-12 years.
The compressed air based on power back-up system proposed by PNEUMA is a potential clean technology that aims at reducing the environmental impacts of the present technology of Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) for mobile telecommunication applications, based on lead-acid batteries |
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